Shareware Super Platinum 8/Shareware Super Platinum 8.iso/mac/PROGTOOL/3DVECT30.ZIP;1/README.DOC

Text File | 1993-11-18 | 29.4 KB | 577 lines

                          3d Vectors Source 3.0

   Date of release - Dec 1/93

   Written by: John McCarthy
               1316 Redwood Lane
               Pickering, Ontario.
               Canada, Earth, Milky Way (for those out-of-towners)
               L1X 1C5

   Internet/Usenet:  [e-mail]
           Fidonet:  Brian McCarthy 1:229/15
     RIME/Relaynet: ->CRS

   Home phone, [phone], don't call at 2 am eh!

                ^^^ has been changed to [phone]!!!

   God, this package is getting big...

   Routines to be used by all for anything, just send me  a  copy  of  what
   you've accomplished (final product), or at least send me a postcard from
   someplace near where you live.

   Many thanks to: Razor - for providing source for their demo.  This  gave
                   me the idea of how to draw polygons in the first place.

                   Mode X routines - Matt Pritchard

                   Protected Mode Header - Tran

                   Bitmap X-mode Scaling routine - John A. Slagel

                   Technical support - Robin Ward
                   (in no defined      Danny Hawrysio
                       order)          Robert Johnston
                                       Ciaran Gultniers
                                       Mark Rostek
                                       Shawn Knight
                                       Sebastian Dwornik
                                       Adam Kurzawa
                                       Adam Johns
                                       Ciaus Tenche
                                       Peter Gruhn
                                       Sean Palmer
                                       Alan Illeman
                                       Rob Czuppon

                   Food provided by - My Mommy

  As noted above, this file would not  be  possible  without  other  people
  giving away their source code.  I continue the tradition of "knowledge is
  power" and give this away.  Most people who see this will never do a damn
  thing with it but look at it and say "uh, so, what next?" so I don't want
  you to register or anything dumb like that.  By the way, people who  want
  money for crappy shareware progs can rot in hell.  But if you do  make  a
  commercial game, and make billions, at least  send  me  a  postcard  from
  the Bahamas ok!  Like I'm not going  to   refuse  a  cheque if  you  make
  something commercial, but like I said, only 1 in a million  may  actually
  have the time/effort/patience/guts/brains to make a commercial game.

  The original Mode X routines have been  modified   to  support  protected
  mode.  Many thanks Matt Pritchard for the X-Mode knowledge.  I  hope  you
  don't mind my changing your routines.  Matt Pritchard can be  reached  at
  P.O. Box 140264, Irving, TX  75014  USA.

  The protected mode header has been supplied by TRAN and can be reached on
  Sound Barrier BBS [phone].  I have included all of TRANs  protected
  mode package because I really hate getting code from  someplace  and  not
  getting the support for it.  I make no claim  to  any  of  this  code,  I
  simply want to supply you with all the info to effectively work with this
  3d vector package.  TRAN implies that you can reach him  on  internet  at
  [e-mail]

  The bitmap scale routine has been supplied by John A. Slagel.  Thanks  to
  you as  well  where  ever  you  are.   The  scale  routine  now  supports
  transparent bitmapping.  As of this writing, John  A.  Slagel's  internet
  access has been canceled and I have no other address for him.

  If you want the original non-protected mode Vector  routines, I  can  dig
  them up for you if you send me a  disk  or  something.   But  first,  ask
  yourself, "Why would anyone want to  go back to  segmented  coding?"   If
  you still want those  routines, hit  self  on  head  with  nearest  blunt
  object and re-ask question.  (Many thanks TRAN)

  Routines are heavily optimized for 3d  vectors.   Any  code/routine  that
  slow is not intended to be used with animation and has  been  written  to
  simply get the job done.  You will know which routines are slow/fast once
  you look at the code.

  I don't apologize for the lack  of  effective  documentation  or  example
  programs as this code was written for my own use.  I would like to  spend
  more time writing code than writing docs.  I also don't apologize for the
  lack of universality of code execution.  For example, Matts xmode code is
  callable from C but mine isn't.  Some of the routines must have registers
  set up before entry and some require memory to be set up.  U figure which
  is which.  It usually says at the begining of the routine.   Once  again,
  making  everything callable from C slows things down  and  this is what I
  wanted to avoid.  Speed is the key considering it is for my own use.

  You must have a 386 to run this.  If you only have a 286, get a  job  and
  buy a real machine!

  Also, I really hate people who give away their "source" code but actually
  only give away the object file.  If these people are so embarassed  about
  their crappy code then we don't want your crappy object file.  Give  away
  all or nothing.

  It would be really nice if I got a postcard from some place near where you
  live.

    Some files in this zip:

      main.asm      ; example program to show vectors
      3d1.asm       ; 3d vector routines by John McCarthy, fast sort method
      3d2.asm       ; 3d vector routines by John McCarthy, full sort method
      xmode.asm     ; xmode routines by Matt Pritchard
      xmouse.asm    ; xmode/protected mode mouse routines
      pmode.asm     ; protected mode routines by TRAN
      file.asm      ; pmode file routines by TRAN
      argc.asm      ; command line argument scanner by TRAN
      stars.asm     ; plot stars
      font.asm      ; screen setup routines

      xmode.inc     ; files defining externals for linkage
      xmouse.inc    ; with above asm files
      pmode.inc     ; example: if you want to use some routines/data
      3d.inc        ; from xmode.asm, use:include xmode.inc
      file.inc
      argc.inc
      stars.inc
      font.inc

      xscale.inc    ; bitmap scaling routines
      math.inc      ; math functions for 3d.asm
      sin.inc       ; data tables for math functions: math.inc
      arctan.inc    ; inverse tan function tables: math.inc
      vars1/2.inc   ; variables for 3d.asm routine
      equ.inc       ; list of constants
      shading.inc   ; arctan shading table

      macros.inc    ; macros used throughout

      qb.zip        ; qb quickbasic programs to generate sin and arctan tables
      modex104.zip  ; (some of the) original files from Matt's modex104.zip

  Some bugs fixed for 2.1:

    Mouse routine draw_bitmap fixed (start of bitmap is x and y). Fixes crash

    Also, the mouse resolution has been divided by two to stop that dang  two
    pixel movement!

    Many bugs fixed in Xmode.asm conversion from segmented mode to protected
    mode.  Too many protected mode bug fixes to list.

    Also added some palette fading routines to xmode.asm

    The big change is the new method of  sorting  surfaces.   Before,  objects
    were sorted first, then surfaces within objects were sorted.  Now, drawing
    an object simply draws the surfaces in   memory   and  then  ALL  surfaces
    are sorted as a group.  This now allows small objects to go inside  larger
    objects.  This is not possible in 3d1,  small objects will disappear.  The
    3d1 file is faster but the 3d2 file has greater flexability with  objects.
    The old file is 3d1.asm while the full sorting file  is  3d2.asm.  To  use
    you must call sort_list and drawvect after makeobjs (if using  3d2  -  the
    full sort method).  See main1 and main2 for examples.   To  give  you  the
    speed difference between the two, the calculation for a   bubble  sort  is
    (n^2+n)/2 for number of times routine will sort.  In 3d1 - 30 objects with
    30 sides will take 465 sorts * 30 objects + 465 to sort those  objects  is
    =  14,415  loops.   But  3d2  uses  the  basic  30*30  sorts.   Therefore,
    (900^2+900)/2 = 405,450 loops!  You can use 3d2 in portions and still  get
    the speed of 3d1 if you know certain objects will be far or near (eg  land
    scapes and stars are always far) and this can provide you with  the  speed
    and versatility of objects going inside one another.  The only  difference
    between 3d1 and 3d2 is the sort method - full objects then surfaces (3d1),
    or all surfaces together (3d2).

    Also made it possible to now have points (single dots) and  bitmaps  as
    part of an object.  You no longer need to make a bitmap it's own object
    but can now have it as part of another object.  It is still possible to
    have bitmaps as their own objects (for explosions and bullets).     See
    sphered cube and regular sphere in example file.

  Optimizations for 3dvect22:

    Better make1obj routine  now  uses  ematrix  more  efficeintly  by  only
    calculating matrix x,y and z as needed - makes better use  of  cpu  time
    when there are many objects off screen (behind camera or too far lft/rgt
    up/dwn)

    Added more math functions

    Optimized erotate when usez = no

  Changes for 3dvect23:  Aug 10/93

    Implemented new pmode.asm code by TRAN.  This replaces the  start32  code
    and allows 3dvect to be run with memory managers like HIMEM  and  EMM386.
    Many thanks to TRAN!  Note: Maximum speed is still found with  no  memory
    managers - ei. raw memory.  Change all int 30h's to int 33h's.

    Removed some common routines from 3d1 and 3d2 and put them in poly.inc to
    avoid duplicate copies of routines.

    Also added to xmode.asm routines to turn off the screen to stop flicker
    when changing into xmode

    Updated TGA2ICON program so it will function with the new pmode header
    and can operate with those nasty memory managers.

    I am currently writing this from my living room floor where I  have  been
    laying for the last month due to a herniated disc in my lower back - fun!

  Additions for 3dvect24:  Aug 29/93

    The main addition for version 2.4 is the IRQ  routine  that  co-ordinates
    itself  with  the  routine  updvectors.   The  IRQ  increments  the  byte
    traces_past every time a vertical retrace occures  (regardless  of   what
    the vector routines are doing) and the routine updvectors (get it, up the
    vectors - d=the, like the poor people say) anyway, updvectors  uses  this
    value to make the objects/animation "jump" ahead and  skip  frames.   the
    slower the computer or the greater number of objects  there  are  on  the
    screen, the higher the value  traces_past  will  be  after  updating  the
    screen.  Therefore, if you write your own game/animation, use this  value
    to determine how fast the game should go - the IRQ is timed to match  the
    vertical retrace so every time one passes by, traces_past gets +1. I have
    two interrupts - a protected mode IRQ and a real mode IRQ. I did it  this
    way so that if you want to add music or whatever, you can use either type
    of IRQ.  Both add 1 to traces_past.  Also, I have timed  the  IRQ  to  be
    close to the vertical retrace time but I don't know if  I  have  done  it
    correctly.  If you notice that the out dx,al is not the way to  go  about
    it, drop me a line with the correct method of  setting  the  8253  timer.
    The value of traces_past will be from 1 to whatever (never 0 after trace)

    I also fixed a small bug in the updvectors routine - which is now  called
    updvectors2, called by "updvectors".

    I have also had a back operation to fix that herniated disc  and  am  now
    sitting upright at my computer.  So I have this message for you:  Sit  up
    straight at all occasions, bend from the knees, get two  people  to  lift
    a heavy object, don't be macho,stand straight at all times,walk straight,
    don't slouch when driving, don't over excercise, don't prop your head  up
    with your arm when watching TV, (put adjective here) straight.  TAKE CARE
    OF YOUR AMAZING MOTION MACHINE - YOUR BACK.   Learn  the  easy  way  from
    someone who learnt the hard way - we're not invincible. STRAIGHT STRAIGHT
    STRAIGHT! STRAIGHT! STRAIGHT! STRAIGHT! There, I'm done.

  Some bugs fixed for 2.5:

    Fixed the timer IRQ to have OUT 43h,AL (You'll never know the  difference
    but I thought it would be a nice gesture)

    I have also ripped a routine from someplace else  to  time  the  vertical
    retrace and set the irq to this value.  This replaces the static variable
    with a more accurate calculation for each computer's irq timing.

    I also added a total retrace counter called "frame_number"  which  counts
    from the begining of any animation so you can, let's say at  2.5  minutes
    into it, perform a certain function.  The  counter  is  only  reset  when
    reset_raster_count is called (begining of new animation sequence).

    I have also changed the math routine setsincose so that if  you  are  not
    using z rotations, you won't need to reset eyeaz to 0.  (Can be anything)
    This really doesn't increase speed much though.

    I optimized some of the imuls with a pre-calculated table. Just to remind
    you:  Changing  video  modes  can occure within the program, but you  can
    only change the vertical size, not the horizontal size (eg  swap  between
    320x400 mode and 320x200 mode, or 360x480 mode   and  360x240  mode)  You
    would only need to adjust the clipping limits and the make3d constants to
    change modes while the program is  executing.   Re-assembley   would   be
    required if you wanted to change into a different x-width mode.

    Fixed the xmouse.asm routine plot_mouse.  It was  not  using  an  earlier
    xmode bitmap change.

    Robert Johnston now has the correct spelling to his name.

    By the way, the mouse is supposed to look like  that!   Call   plot_mouse
    without any page flipping if you want a regular mouse that remembers what
    is behind it.

  Help required for 2.6:

    I am having a problem with assembleys>65536 bytes.  A description  should
    be found at the bottom of main1.asm. Call me voice of you know how to fix
    it.  Heck, if you know how to fix it, call  today.   Note:Sept 26,problem
    solved!

  Additional .asm files for 2.7:

    A file has been added to put stars in  the  background.   Stars.asm  only
    calculates the positions of stars that will be on or close to the screen.
    The routine has two assembley modes - full stars or half stars.  The half
    stars mode plots stars that are above the 0y axis.  This allows  you   to
    have a flat surface (airfield/horizon) without calculating the  positions
    of stars below the screen.  The routine is called show_stars.

    I have added a macro to the file macros.inc to multiply  by  a  constant.
    The macro is used as cmul result, value, constant.  eg  cmul eax,ecx,320.
    Only  some values are supported but this will change  as  more  constants
    are required.  This replaces a few lines of code in the  make3d  routines
    so ratiox and ratioy imul's can be used by the user (you) without  having
    to import the code from math.inc.  I  also  fixed  a  tini-eeni-wini  bug
    in the non-fast imul routine - not that you care or anything...

    God, I can't wait to get a 586...

    I have also solved (?) the problem with files>64k not working,I have made
    all 16 bit indexes to 32 bit indexes. The only remaining problem/drawback
    is that the linking order must be such that the irq assembley follows the
    protected mode header, eg: TLINK /3 pmode irq xx xxx xx xx.  I don't know
    why the irq stuff doesn't work if is in the>64k block, maybe  because  it
    has 16 bit real mode code in it or something, who knows...Just link it as
    I have and you can do anything else you want in the 32 bit code  segment.

    Because of  the  above,  I  have  moved  the  variables  traces_past  and
    frame_number from 3d.asm to irq.asm. If you need the computer speed/frame
    speed, you will have to have irq.inc in your assembley.  Don't  look  for
    these variables in vars1.inc or vars2.inc anymore, they have  been  moved
    to irq.asm.

    Removed more common routines from 3d1 and 3d2 and put them in poly.inc.

    John says hi to Sebastian...

  Optimizations for 2.8:

    Stars routine runs a tad faster.

    A better method of moving that cube at the end of main1 example has  been
    implemented (set counter and xadds).   This  main1  and  main2  are  just
    example files to show some of the features.

  Additions for 2.9: Sept 28,'93

    I just had a brainstorm on how to calculate the 3d stars considering  the
    stars  are  at  a  constant  distance  from  the  camera.   The  variable
    perfect_stars has been added to allow the stars routine to calculate  non
    perfect 3d stars. This makes the routine much faster, while it  basically
    looks the same.  This is  possible  since  the  stars  are  always  at  a
    constant distance from the camera.

    I've also added more macros to the cmul macro.  That  is,  more  multiply
    by constant macros...

    Ok people, how come I haven't gotton any postcards yet?  Does nobody read
    this code?  Like, it only cost's 50 some odd cents for a stamp.   I mean,
    tell me what the weather is like where you are, or  something  about  the
    local news events.

  Additions for 2.A (hex): Oct 1, '93

    Variables xxxfinal[] have been added to the movement/rotate  routines  to
    ensure correct final placement of an object.  This was necessary  due  to
    errors when multiple additions of speed*time did  not  equal  the  actual
    requested final position.  So, every  time  you change  the  anglular  or
    linear velocity, the  variables  final  position  must  be  set  to  tell
    updvectors where that final position is.  If you do not want to calculate
    the final positions yourself, two routines have been supplied  to  do  it
    for you: set_finall - for linear calculations, and set_finala for angular
    calculations.

    Added a routine  called  twist_si.   This  sets  the  objects  rotational
    velocity based on a 32 bit input.  Similar to move_si routine.

    When  using  twist_si  or  move_si,  try  to   keep   the   time   small.
    eg: <1000 frames.  this will prevent a "jump"  when  the  object  finally
    stops moving/rotating.  if you want large time constants, call set_finall
    or set_finala after calling move_si or twist_si respectivly.   This  will
    re-calculate the final position based on large  time/decimal  error  loss
    and prevent the object from "jumping" at the  end  of  it's  cycle/count.
    OR: call move_si or twist_si in sections, eg call it first as  you  would
    normally (with correct time/distance/angles loaded)  then,  half  way  to
    it's destination, call the routine again (with time/2).  This will re-cal
    the speed better and will also prevent that "jump". (Did you get that?)

    We will note that my number (as of Oct 4) gets changed to  the  905  area
    code - [phone].

    Some routines  added - Point_it,  points object si at  object  di.   This
    only affects the x and y angles, the z angle can still provide spin.

    Point_to points object si to location ebx,ecx,ebp

    Point_dir routine points object si in the direction it is moving.

    Set_speed routine does the opposite of the above routine.   It  sets  the
    speed of the object to the  direction  it  is  pointing.   si  =  object,
    ebp = speed, di = lcount.  (lcount = linear counter, object stops when 0)

    Point_time routine points object si to ebx,ecx,ebp in di frames

    I managed to get my Suzuki GS1150 up to 240km/hr on the 401 today...

  Features added to 2.B: Oct 6, '93

    Shading like the pro's:  (Wait a minute, isn't that me?)

    Routines added:

    pre_cal_lambert   - scan object si and calculate surface normals
    calc_normal       - from 3 points, returns normal vector ebx,ecx,ebp
    lambert           - calculate surface normal rotation maxtrix for object si
    set_up_all_lambert- scans objects from si to di and calls pre_cal_lambert
    lrotate.          - given normal for surface, figures out intensity

    I finally bought a book on assembley language today.   God,  there's  all
    kinds of stuff I didn't know this computer can do.  Like xlat...bt...

    I've included some old screen set up routines - font.asm and font?.inc
    There not really font routines, just screen setup routines.

    Also made the vector sort a little more accurate.

  Many, many, many additions for 3.0: Dec 1, '93

    THE OBJECT FORMAT HAS BEEN CHANGED!  Changes include addition of 25  words
    at the beginning of the object to accomodate future revisions. But the big
    change is that all points are now point+1.  eg what used to be 0,1,2,0  is
    now 1,2,3,1.  This gives the user access to point 0, which is the  objects
    center of gravity. (point 0,0,0).  The new format for  surface  definition
    is:

     dw commands, texture1,texture2,colour1,colour2, connections, [0,0,0]

     where the commands determine what the  surface  is,  eg:polygon,  texture,
     bitmap, point, line, along with the  visibility  and  iteration  commands.
     While texture1 and color1 determine what the polygon will look like on the
     first side, txt2 and col2 determine what the other side will look like.

    Joystick routines added - see joystick.asm.   The routines use  the  xmode
    font stuff but that could be removed and this code  could  be  transported
    anywhere.

    Some optimizations in math.inc (thanks to my new assembler book, Oooo...)

    I finally found out how to make a MAKE file.

    We will notice my internet access has been corrected.

    Optimized/fixed the calc_angles routine (not that you'll care or anything)

    Iterations added to objects.  Now object surfaces can have surfaces within
    surfaces within surfaces within surfaces...Example: a building has a  main
    wall with many windows on it, on the windows there is a sign, on the  sign
    there is a bug - if the sign isn't visible, don't plot the bug  -  if  the
    window isn't visible, dont plot the sign (or the bug) - if the  main  wall
    isn't visible, don't plot anything.  This allows objects to be  very  very
    detailed without wasting CPU time.  Iterations save MEGA cpu time!!!

    Another sort method has been added - 3d3.asm.  This method uses parts from
    both 3d1.asm and 3d2.asm.  How it  works  -  the  objects  are  sorted  as
    individual objects  until  they  become  close  to  one  another  (set  by
    collision tolerence value) then they get sorted as one object. This allows
    objects to go through one another (and  still  be  sorted  correctly)  yet
    avoids the CPU intensive sorting of hundreds of sides.   If  you  set  the
    tolerence value to 0, the code will run just like 3d1.asm, if you  set  it
    to 1billionx, the code will run like 3d2.asm - somewhere in the middle the
    two sort methods mix.  (Note: 3d1.asm is still the fastest)

    A routine has been added to allow the user to scan a file for a "[MARKER]"
    or magic word.  The _findmarker routine scans a file and returns an offset
    (32 bit) in the file as to where the marker was found.  This can  be  used
    to load in mods/gifs and data from the  end  of  the  program  instead  of
    having a seperate data file(s).  This method is similar to the method used
    in demos like UNREAL.EXE and CD2.EXE.  It could also be used to store data
    in or modify the original program. This is not really related to 3d vector
    programming though.

    Relative surface colour option can use the  intensity  from  the  previous
    surface.  This relieves the CPU from performing repetative surface  normal
    calculations.  Eg: set the first surface to gourad/lambert shading and set
    all other surfaces with the same normal (angle) to use this intensity. The
    object command to use the previous surface colour is 4096.

    Another method for testing if a side is visible has been implemented. Now,
    as well the surface being counter-clockwise, you can also test if  all the
    points are on the screen.  This can be either combined  with  the  counter
    clockwise test or used on it's own.  I don't what good it is yet though...
    Maybe  useful  when  combined  with  iterations?   The  test  works   even
    if a large polygon covers the screen (like the side of a large building)

    I have now made 3d1,3d2 and 3d3 all use the same animation format: eg call
    init_tables before an animation then call makeobjs during  the  animation.
    This is the same method for all 3 sorting types.  Although these  routines
    call  different  routines  in  each file, they all end up doing  the  same
    thing.

    I actually found a bug in this thing! (yes one little  bug)  -  fixed  the
    arctan function.

    Extraced the clipped_line routine so you can use it anywhere. Clipped_line
    routine draws from dx,cx to ax,bx colour bp, but does  it  with  cartesian
    cords - eg 0,0 is screen center,also updates clearing width/height if used
    and clips to borders (of course).

    Palette cross referencing option added for each object.  Lets  say  you've
    got 6 spaceships on the screen but you want them each to have a  different
    colour scheme.  Set the offset dword of [palxref]  to  point  to  a  cross
    reference palette.  This way, many on-screen  objects  can  use  the  same
    shape data but each can have a different colour scheme.

    I got my 486DX66 today...(Friday Nov 5/93)

    Due to popular demand, the camera is now the zero'th  object!!  Therefore,
    all of your objects start a location 1 (1 = 1st object, 2 = 2nd object...)
    The old way had the camera as the last object.  So,  to  move  the  camera
    to location x,y,z in di frames: load up ebx,ecx,ebp as location to move to
    load di with time to get there, load si  =  0  (cameraobject=0)  and  call
    move_si.

    The vector matricies have been truncated to 16  bits  from  32  bits.  The
    accuracy of the code however, remains the same as before.

    Small, tini-weeni bug fixed in polyfill.  I am no longer using  doubleword
    transfers to the VGA.  This  should  stop  people  having  their  monitors
    destroyed - (just kidding)  It removes those eggs.

    And yet another option! 1/4 scaled fuzzy bitmaps (for  lack  of  a  better
    name). These are scalable, non-rotatable bitmaps just like the ones you've
    seen before (option 32) but only every 4'th pixel is  sampled.   This  has
    the advantage of faster plotting of bitmaps that don't require  a  lot  of
    accuracy - like explosions and smoke.  To invoke this new type of  bitmap,
    just use option 33 (32+1) in either the object definition or in userotate.
    (note: if used in object, bitmap is part of object. if used in  userotate,
    entire object is one big bitmap - like I said, good for explosions)

    Holly Kamolly, this thing is getting big...

    All surface/polygon options have now been set to defines.  Look in the equ
    file to see what options there are.  This now replaces using 512+256+2+...
    in your object.  (makes understanding them easier)  The new defines are:

    excerpt from equ.inc: current list of commands and texture options

      ; texture options (texture1&2)
      wavey    equ 1       ; sine wave surface
      shade    equ 2       ; lambert shaded surface
      inverse  equ 4       ; inverse shading
      glow     equ shade+inverse
      last     equ 8       ; colour is same intensity as previous surface
      texture  equ 16      ; texture mapped surface

      ; surface types   (command)
      point    equ 32      ; surface is a point
      line     equ 64      ; surface is a line
      himap    equ 128     ; scalable, non-rotatable, hi quality bitmap
      lomap    equ himap+1 ; scalable, non-rotatable, lo quality bitmap

      ; surface commands(command)
      iterate  equ 256     ; generate iteration below if side visible

      ; visibility determination methods (command)
      both     equ 1       ; always visible, no matter side
      double   equ 2       ; double sided surface, other side has texture2 and colour2
      onscr    equ 4       ; is polygon on screen?
      check    equ 8       ; check if polygon is on screen/counter-clockwise, but don't plot

     to be used in the format:

     dw commands,texture1,texture2,colour1,colour2, connections, [0,0,0]

   The objects now have user-difinable resolutions.  Look at the objects.inc
   file to see how I have implemented this.  The first dd is the  resolution
   at which the next offset  is  visible  at.   Successive  resolutions  are
   visible  at farther distances.  The only object I have  implemented  with
   a different resolution is that bitmapped cube thingy.  Notice as it  gets
   farther away, the chrome balls turn into single pixels.   The  end  flag
   for "this is the last resolution" is -1.

  Version 3.1:Texture mapping, PCX decoding, object Hierarchy, real time  irq
              palette fading, superfast log table multiply, joystick routines